Adaptations for Gas Exchange
You should be prepared to discuss the following:
(a) Adaptations for gas exchange allow an increase in body size. Small animals exchange gases across their general body surface. Comparison of amoeba, flatworm and earthworm.
(b) Larger animals have specialised respiratory surfaces with common features. Respiratory surfaces are adapted to environmental conditions – gills for aquatic environments, lungs for terrestrial environments.
(c) Large, active animals have ventilating mechanisms to maintain gradients across respiratory surfaces. Ventilation in bony fish. Counter current flow compared with parallel flow. Structure and function of the human breathing system. Ventilation in humans and exchange of gases.
(d) The insect tracheal system as an example of adaptation to life on dry land.
(e) The structure of the angiosperm leaf. The role of leaf structures in allowing the plant to function and photosynthesise effectively. The leaf as an organ of gaseous exchange. Stomatal opening and closing.
(a) Adaptations for gas exchange allow an increase in body size. Small animals exchange gases across their general body surface. Comparison of amoeba, flatworm and earthworm.
(b) Larger animals have specialised respiratory surfaces with common features. Respiratory surfaces are adapted to environmental conditions – gills for aquatic environments, lungs for terrestrial environments.
(c) Large, active animals have ventilating mechanisms to maintain gradients across respiratory surfaces. Ventilation in bony fish. Counter current flow compared with parallel flow. Structure and function of the human breathing system. Ventilation in humans and exchange of gases.
(d) The insect tracheal system as an example of adaptation to life on dry land.
(e) The structure of the angiosperm leaf. The role of leaf structures in allowing the plant to function and photosynthesise effectively. The leaf as an organ of gaseous exchange. Stomatal opening and closing.
Khan Academy - Lungs and Pulmonary SystemDetailed video that outlines the human respiratory system.
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2.2 (e) Gas exchange in plants revision slides
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